/*
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the Common Development and
 * Distribution License (the License). You may not use this file except in compliance with the
 * License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the License at legal/CDDLv1.0.txt. See the License for the
 * specific language governing permission and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Software, include this CDDL Header Notice in each file and include
 * the License file at legal/CDDLv1.0.txt. If applicable, add the following below the CDDL
 * Header, with the fields enclosed by brackets [] replaced by your own identifying
 * information: "Portions Copyright [year] [name of copyright owner]".
 *
 * Copyright 2008-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
 * Portions Copyright 2014-2015 ForgeRock AS.
 */
package org.opends.server.admin.client.spi;



import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;

import org.forgerock.i18n.LocalizableMessage;
import org.opends.server.admin.AbstractManagedObjectDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.Configuration;
import org.opends.server.admin.ConfigurationClient;
import org.opends.server.admin.Constraint;
import org.opends.server.admin.PropertyException;
import org.opends.server.admin.DefaultManagedObject;
import org.opends.server.admin.DefinitionDecodingException;
import org.opends.server.admin.InstantiableRelationDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.ManagedObjectAlreadyExistsException;
import org.opends.server.admin.ManagedObjectDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.ManagedObjectNotFoundException;
import org.opends.server.admin.ManagedObjectPath;
import org.opends.server.admin.OptionalRelationDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.PropertyDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.PropertyOption;
import org.opends.server.admin.RelationDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.RelationDefinitionVisitor;
import org.opends.server.admin.SetRelationDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.SingletonRelationDefinition;
import org.opends.server.admin.DefinitionDecodingException.Reason;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.AuthorizationException;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.ClientConstraintHandler;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.CommunicationException;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.ConcurrentModificationException;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.IllegalManagedObjectNameException;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.ManagedObject;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.ManagedObjectDecodingException;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.ManagementContext;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.MissingMandatoryPropertiesException;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.OperationRejectedException;
import org.opends.server.admin.client.OperationRejectedException.OperationType;



/**
 * An abstract managed object implementation.
 *
 * @param <T>
 *          The type of client configuration represented by the client
 *          managed object.
 */
public abstract class AbstractManagedObject<T extends ConfigurationClient>
    implements ManagedObject<T> {

  /**
   * Creates any default managed objects associated with a relation
   * definition.
   */
  private final class DefaultManagedObjectFactory implements
      RelationDefinitionVisitor<Void, Void> {

    /** Possible exceptions. */
    private AuthorizationException ae;
    private ManagedObjectAlreadyExistsException moaee;
    private MissingMandatoryPropertiesException mmpe;
    private ConcurrentModificationException cme;
    private OperationRejectedException ore;
    private CommunicationException ce;

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
        Void visitInstantiable(
        InstantiableRelationDefinition<C, S> rd, Void p) {
      for (String name : rd.getDefaultManagedObjectNames()) {
        DefaultManagedObject<? extends C, ? extends S> dmo = rd
            .getDefaultManagedObject(name);
        ManagedObjectDefinition<? extends C, ? extends S> d = dmo
            .getManagedObjectDefinition();
        ManagedObject<? extends C> child;
        try {
          child = createChild(rd, d, name, null);
        } catch (IllegalManagedObjectNameException e) {
          // This should not happen.
          throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        createDefaultManagedObject(d, child, dmo);
      }
      return null;
    }



    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
        Void visitOptional(
        OptionalRelationDefinition<C, S> rd, Void p) {
      if (rd.getDefaultManagedObject() != null) {
        DefaultManagedObject<? extends C, ? extends S> dmo = rd
            .getDefaultManagedObject();
        ManagedObjectDefinition<? extends C, ? extends S> d = dmo
            .getManagedObjectDefinition();
        ManagedObject<? extends C> child = createChild(rd, d, null);
        createDefaultManagedObject(d, child, dmo);
      }
      return null;
    }



    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
        Void visitSingleton(
        SingletonRelationDefinition<C, S> rd, Void p) {
      // Do nothing - not possible to create singletons
      // dynamically.
      return null;
    }



    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    public <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
        Void visitSet(
        SetRelationDefinition<C, S> rd, Void p) {
      for (String name : rd.getDefaultManagedObjectNames()) {
        DefaultManagedObject<? extends C, ? extends S> dmo = rd
            .getDefaultManagedObject(name);
        ManagedObjectDefinition<? extends C, ? extends S> d = dmo
            .getManagedObjectDefinition();
        ManagedObject<? extends C> child = createChild(rd, d, null);
        createDefaultManagedObject(d, child, dmo);
      }
      return null;
    }



    /** Create the child managed object. */
    private void createDefaultManagedObject(ManagedObjectDefinition<?, ?> d,
        ManagedObject<?> child, DefaultManagedObject<?, ?> dmo) {
      for (PropertyDefinition<?> pd : d.getAllPropertyDefinitions()) {
        setPropertyValues(child, pd, dmo);
      }

      try {
        child.commit();
      } catch (AuthorizationException e) {
        ae = e;
      } catch (ManagedObjectAlreadyExistsException e) {
        moaee = e;
      } catch (MissingMandatoryPropertiesException e) {
        mmpe = e;
      } catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {
        cme = e;
      } catch (OperationRejectedException e) {
        ore = e;
      } catch (CommunicationException e) {
        ce = e;
      }
    }



    /**
     * Creates the default managed objects associated with the
     * provided relation definition.
     *
     * @param rd
     *          The relation definition.
     */
    private void createDefaultManagedObjects(RelationDefinition<?, ?> rd)
        throws AuthorizationException, CommunicationException,
        ConcurrentModificationException, MissingMandatoryPropertiesException,
        ManagedObjectAlreadyExistsException, OperationRejectedException {
      rd.accept(this, null);

      if (ae != null) {
        throw ae;
      } else if (ce != null) {
        throw ce;
      } else if (cme != null) {
        throw cme;
      } else if (mmpe != null) {
        throw mmpe;
      } else if (moaee != null) {
        throw moaee;
      } else if (ore != null) {
        throw ore;
      }
    }



    /** Set property values. */
    private <PD> void setPropertyValues(ManagedObject<?> mo,
        PropertyDefinition<PD> pd, DefaultManagedObject<?, ?> dmo) {
      mo.setPropertyValues(pd, dmo.getPropertyValues(pd));
    }
  }



  /** The managed object definition associated with this managed object. */
  private final ManagedObjectDefinition<T, ? extends Configuration> definition;

  /**
   * Indicates whether or not this managed object exists on the server
   * (false means the managed object is new and has not been committed).
   */
  private boolean existsOnServer;

  /** Optional naming property definition. */
  private final PropertyDefinition<?> namingPropertyDefinition;

  /** The path associated with this managed object. */
  private ManagedObjectPath<T, ? extends Configuration> path;

  /** The managed object's properties. */
  private final PropertySet properties;



  /**
   * Creates a new abstract managed object.
   *
   * @param d
   *          The managed object's definition.
   * @param path
   *          The managed object's path.
   * @param properties
   *          The managed object's properties.
   * @param existsOnServer
   *          Indicates whether or not the managed object exists on
   *          the server (false means the managed object is new and
   *          has not been committed).
   * @param namingPropertyDefinition
   *          Optional naming property definition.
   */
  protected AbstractManagedObject(
      ManagedObjectDefinition<T, ? extends Configuration> d,
      ManagedObjectPath<T, ? extends Configuration> path,
      PropertySet properties, boolean existsOnServer,
      PropertyDefinition<?> namingPropertyDefinition) {
    this.definition = d;
    this.path = path;
    this.properties = properties;
    this.existsOnServer = existsOnServer;
    this.namingPropertyDefinition = namingPropertyDefinition;
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final void commit() throws ManagedObjectAlreadyExistsException,
      MissingMandatoryPropertiesException, ConcurrentModificationException,
      OperationRejectedException, AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException {
    // First make sure all mandatory properties are defined.
    List<PropertyException> exceptions = new LinkedList<>();

    for (PropertyDefinition<?> pd : definition.getAllPropertyDefinitions()) {
      Property<?> p = getProperty(pd);
      if (pd.hasOption(PropertyOption.MANDATORY)
          && p.getEffectiveValues().isEmpty()) {
        exceptions.add(PropertyException.propertyIsMandatoryException(pd));
      }
    }

    if (!exceptions.isEmpty()) {
      throw new MissingMandatoryPropertiesException(definition
          .getUserFriendlyName(), exceptions, !existsOnServer);
    }

    // Now enforce any constraints.
    List<LocalizableMessage> messages = new LinkedList<>();
    boolean isAcceptable = true;
    ManagementContext context = getDriver().getManagementContext();

    for (Constraint constraint : definition.getAllConstraints()) {
      for (ClientConstraintHandler handler : constraint
          .getClientConstraintHandlers()) {
        if (existsOnServer) {
          if (!handler.isModifyAcceptable(context, this, messages)) {
            isAcceptable = false;
          }
        } else {
          if (!handler.isAddAcceptable(context, this, messages)) {
            isAcceptable = false;
          }
        }
      }
      if (!isAcceptable) {
        break;
      }
    }

    if (!isAcceptable) {
      if (existsOnServer) {
        throw new OperationRejectedException(OperationType.MODIFY, definition
            .getUserFriendlyName(), messages);
      } else {
        throw new OperationRejectedException(OperationType.CREATE, definition
            .getUserFriendlyName(), messages);
      }
    }

    // Commit the managed object.
    if (existsOnServer) {
      modifyExistingManagedObject();
    } else {
      addNewManagedObject();
    }

    // Make all pending property values active.
    properties.commit();

    // If the managed object was created make sure that any default
    // subordinate managed objects are also created.
    if (!existsOnServer) {
      DefaultManagedObjectFactory factory = new DefaultManagedObjectFactory();
      for (RelationDefinition<?, ?> rd :
          definition.getAllRelationDefinitions()) {
        factory.createDefaultManagedObjects(rd);
      }

      existsOnServer = true;
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration,
                CC extends C>
  ManagedObject<CC> createChild(
      InstantiableRelationDefinition<C, S> r,
      ManagedObjectDefinition<CC, ? extends S> d, String name,
      Collection<PropertyException> exceptions)
      throws IllegalManagedObjectNameException, IllegalArgumentException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);

    // Empty names are not allowed.
    if (name.trim().length() == 0) {
      throw new IllegalManagedObjectNameException(name);
    }

    // If the relation uses a naming property definition then it must
    // be a valid value.
    PropertyDefinition<?> pd = r.getNamingPropertyDefinition();
    if (pd != null) {
      try {
        pd.decodeValue(name);
      } catch (PropertyException e) {
        throw new IllegalManagedObjectNameException(name, pd);
      }
    }

    ManagedObjectPath<CC, ? extends S> childPath = path.child(r, d, name);
    return createNewManagedObject(d, childPath, pd, name, exceptions);
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient,
                S extends Configuration, CC extends C>
  ManagedObject<CC> createChild(
      OptionalRelationDefinition<C, S> r,
      ManagedObjectDefinition<CC, ? extends S> d,
      Collection<PropertyException> exceptions)
      throws IllegalArgumentException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    ManagedObjectPath<CC, ? extends S> childPath = path.child(r, d);
    return createNewManagedObject(d, childPath, null, null, exceptions);
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration,
                CC extends C>
  ManagedObject<CC> createChild(
      SetRelationDefinition<C, S> r,
      ManagedObjectDefinition<CC, ? extends S> d,
      Collection<PropertyException> exceptions)
      throws IllegalArgumentException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);

    ManagedObjectPath<CC, ? extends S> childPath = path.child(r, d);
    return createNewManagedObject(d, childPath, null, null, exceptions);
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  ManagedObject<? extends C> getChild(
      InstantiableRelationDefinition<C, S> r, String name)
      throws IllegalArgumentException, DefinitionDecodingException,
      ManagedObjectDecodingException, ManagedObjectNotFoundException,
      ConcurrentModificationException, AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    ensureThisManagedObjectExists();
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    return ctx.getManagedObject(path.child(r, name));
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  ManagedObject<? extends C> getChild(
      OptionalRelationDefinition<C, S> r) throws IllegalArgumentException,
      DefinitionDecodingException, ManagedObjectDecodingException,
      ManagedObjectNotFoundException, ConcurrentModificationException,
      AuthorizationException, CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    ensureThisManagedObjectExists();
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    return ctx.getManagedObject(path.child(r));
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  ManagedObject<? extends C> getChild(
      SingletonRelationDefinition<C, S> r) throws IllegalArgumentException,
      DefinitionDecodingException, ManagedObjectDecodingException,
      ManagedObjectNotFoundException, ConcurrentModificationException,
      AuthorizationException, CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    ensureThisManagedObjectExists();
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    return ctx.getManagedObject(path.child(r));
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  ManagedObject<? extends C> getChild(
      SetRelationDefinition<C, S> r, String name)
      throws IllegalArgumentException, DefinitionDecodingException,
      ManagedObjectDecodingException, ManagedObjectNotFoundException,
      ConcurrentModificationException, AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    ensureThisManagedObjectExists();
    Driver ctx = getDriver();

    AbstractManagedObjectDefinition<C, S> d = r.getChildDefinition();
    AbstractManagedObjectDefinition<? extends C, ? extends S> cd;

    try
    {
      cd = d.getChild(name);
    }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
    {
      // Unrecognized definition name - report this as a decoding
      // exception.
      throw new DefinitionDecodingException(d,
          Reason.WRONG_TYPE_INFORMATION);
    }

    return ctx.getManagedObject(path.child(r, cd));
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final T getConfiguration() {
    return definition.createClientConfiguration(this);
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final ManagedObjectDefinition<T, ? extends Configuration>
  getManagedObjectDefinition() {
    return definition;
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final ManagedObjectPath<T, ? extends Configuration>
  getManagedObjectPath() {
    return path;
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <PD> SortedSet<PD> getPropertyDefaultValues(
      PropertyDefinition<PD> pd) throws IllegalArgumentException {
    return new TreeSet<>(getProperty(pd).getDefaultValues());
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <PD> PD getPropertyValue(PropertyDefinition<PD> pd)
      throws IllegalArgumentException {
    Set<PD> values = getProperty(pd).getEffectiveValues();
    if (!values.isEmpty()) {
      return values.iterator().next();
    }
    return null;
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <PD> SortedSet<PD> getPropertyValues(PropertyDefinition<PD> pd)
      throws IllegalArgumentException {
    return new TreeSet<>(getProperty(pd).getEffectiveValues());
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  boolean hasChild(
      OptionalRelationDefinition<C, S> r) throws IllegalArgumentException,
      ConcurrentModificationException, AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    try {
      return ctx.managedObjectExists(path.child(r));
    } catch (ManagedObjectNotFoundException e) {
      throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final boolean isPropertyPresent(PropertyDefinition<?> pd)
      throws IllegalArgumentException {
    return !getProperty(pd).isEmpty();
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  String[] listChildren(
      InstantiableRelationDefinition<C, S> r) throws IllegalArgumentException,
      ConcurrentModificationException, AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException {
    return listChildren(r, r.getChildDefinition());
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  String[] listChildren(
      InstantiableRelationDefinition<C, S> r,
      AbstractManagedObjectDefinition<? extends C, ? extends S> d)
      throws IllegalArgumentException, ConcurrentModificationException,
      AuthorizationException, CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    try {
      return ctx.listManagedObjects(path, r, d);
    } catch (ManagedObjectNotFoundException e) {
      throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  String[] listChildren(
      SetRelationDefinition<C, S> r) throws IllegalArgumentException,
      ConcurrentModificationException, AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException {
    return listChildren(r, r.getChildDefinition());
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  String[] listChildren(
      SetRelationDefinition<C, S> r,
      AbstractManagedObjectDefinition<? extends C, ? extends S> d)
      throws IllegalArgumentException, ConcurrentModificationException,
      AuthorizationException, CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    try {
      return ctx.listManagedObjects(path, r, d);
    } catch (ManagedObjectNotFoundException e) {
      throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  void removeChild(
      InstantiableRelationDefinition<C, S> r, String name)
      throws IllegalArgumentException, ManagedObjectNotFoundException,
      OperationRejectedException, ConcurrentModificationException,
      AuthorizationException, CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    boolean found;

    try {
      found = ctx.deleteManagedObject(path, r, name);
    } catch (ManagedObjectNotFoundException e) {
      throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }

    if (!found) {
      throw new ManagedObjectNotFoundException();
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  void removeChild(
      OptionalRelationDefinition<C, S> r) throws IllegalArgumentException,
      ManagedObjectNotFoundException, OperationRejectedException,
      ConcurrentModificationException, AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    boolean found;

    try {
      found = ctx.deleteManagedObject(path, r);
    } catch (ManagedObjectNotFoundException e) {
      throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }

    if (!found) {
      throw new ManagedObjectNotFoundException();
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <C extends ConfigurationClient, S extends Configuration>
  void removeChild(
      SetRelationDefinition<C, S> r, String name)
      throws IllegalArgumentException, ManagedObjectNotFoundException,
      OperationRejectedException, ConcurrentModificationException,
      AuthorizationException, CommunicationException {
    validateRelationDefinition(r);
    Driver ctx = getDriver();
    boolean found;

    try {
      found = ctx.deleteManagedObject(path, r, name);
    } catch (ManagedObjectNotFoundException e) {
      throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }

    if (!found) {
      throw new ManagedObjectNotFoundException();
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <PD> void setPropertyValue(PropertyDefinition<PD> pd, PD value)
      throws PropertyException, PropertyException,
      PropertyException, IllegalArgumentException {
    if (value == null) {
      setPropertyValues(pd, Collections.<PD> emptySet());
    } else {
      setPropertyValues(pd, Collections.singleton(value));
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  public final <PD> void setPropertyValues(PropertyDefinition<PD> pd,
      Collection<PD> values) throws PropertyException,
      PropertyException, PropertyException,
      PropertyException, IllegalArgumentException {
    if (pd.hasOption(PropertyOption.MONITORING)) {
      throw PropertyException.propertyIsReadOnlyException(pd);
    }

    if (existsOnServer && pd.hasOption(PropertyOption.READ_ONLY)) {
      throw PropertyException.propertyIsReadOnlyException(pd);
    }

    properties.setPropertyValues(pd, values);

    // If this is a naming property then update the name.
    if (pd.equals(namingPropertyDefinition)) {
      // The property must be single-valued and mandatory.
      String newName = pd.encodeValue(values.iterator().next());
      path = path.rename(newName);
    }
  }



  /** {@inheritDoc} */
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

    builder.append("{ TYPE=");
    builder.append(definition.getName());
    builder.append(", PATH=\"");
    builder.append(path);
    builder.append('\"');
    for (PropertyDefinition<?> pd : definition.getAllPropertyDefinitions()) {
      builder.append(", ");
      builder.append(pd.getName());
      builder.append('=');
      builder.append(getPropertyValues(pd));
    }
    builder.append(" }");

    return builder.toString();
  }



  /**
   * Adds this new managed object.
   *
   * @throws ManagedObjectAlreadyExistsException
   *           If the managed object cannot be added to the server
   *           because it already exists.
   * @throws ConcurrentModificationException
   *           If the managed object's parent has been removed by
   *           another client.
   * @throws OperationRejectedException
   *           If the managed object cannot be added due to some
   *           client-side or server-side constraint which cannot be
   *           satisfied.
   * @throws AuthorizationException
   *           If the server refuses to add this managed object
   *           because the client does not have the correct
   *           privileges.
   * @throws CommunicationException
   *           If the client cannot contact the server due to an
   *           underlying communication problem.
   */
  protected abstract void addNewManagedObject() throws AuthorizationException,
      CommunicationException, OperationRejectedException,
      ConcurrentModificationException, ManagedObjectAlreadyExistsException;



  /**
   * Gets the management context driver associated with this managed
   * object.
   *
   * @return Returns the management context driver associated with
   *         this managed object.
   */
  protected abstract Driver getDriver();



  /**
   * Gets the naming property definition associated with this managed
   * object.
   *
   * @return Returns the naming property definition associated with
   *         this managed object, or <code>null</code> if this
   *         managed object does not have a naming property.
   */
  protected final PropertyDefinition<?> getNamingPropertyDefinition() {
    return namingPropertyDefinition;
  }



  /**
   * Gets the property associated with the specified property
   * definition.
   *
   * @param <PD>
   *          The underlying type of the property.
   * @param pd
   *          The Property definition.
   * @return Returns the property associated with the specified
   *         property definition.
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException
   *           If this property provider does not recognize the
   *           requested property definition.
   */
  protected final <PD> Property<PD> getProperty(PropertyDefinition<PD> pd)
      throws IllegalArgumentException {
    return properties.getProperty(pd);
  }



  /**
   * Applies changes made to this managed object.
   *
   * @throws ConcurrentModificationException
   *           If this managed object has been removed from the server
   *           by another client.
   * @throws OperationRejectedException
   *           If the managed object cannot be added due to some
   *           client-side or server-side constraint which cannot be
   *           satisfied.
   * @throws AuthorizationException
   *           If the server refuses to modify this managed object
   *           because the client does not have the correct
   *           privileges.
   * @throws CommunicationException
   *           If the client cannot contact the server due to an
   *           underlying communication problem.
   */
  protected abstract void modifyExistingManagedObject()
      throws ConcurrentModificationException, OperationRejectedException,
      AuthorizationException, CommunicationException;



  /**
   * Creates a new managed object.
   *
   * @param <M>
   *          The type of client configuration represented by the
   *          client managed object.
   * @param d
   *          The managed object's definition.
   * @param path
   *          The managed object's path.
   * @param properties
   *          The managed object's properties.
   * @param existsOnServer
   *          Indicates whether or not the managed object exists on
   *          the server (false means the managed object is new and
   *          has not been committed).
   * @param namingPropertyDefinition
   *          Optional naming property definition.
   * @return Returns the new managed object.
   */
  protected abstract <M extends ConfigurationClient>
  ManagedObject<M> newInstance(
      ManagedObjectDefinition<M, ?> d, ManagedObjectPath<M, ?> path,
      PropertySet properties, boolean existsOnServer,
      PropertyDefinition<?> namingPropertyDefinition);



  /**
   * Creates a new managed object with no active values, just default
   * values.
   */
  private <M extends ConfigurationClient, PD> ManagedObject<M>
  createNewManagedObject(
      ManagedObjectDefinition<M, ?> d, ManagedObjectPath<M, ?> p,
      PropertyDefinition<PD> namingPropertyDefinition, String name,
      Collection<PropertyException> exceptions) {
    PropertySet childProperties = new PropertySet();
    for (PropertyDefinition<?> pd : d.getAllPropertyDefinitions()) {
      try {
        createProperty(childProperties, p, pd);
      } catch (PropertyException e) {
        // Add the exception if requested.
        if (exceptions != null) {
          exceptions.add(e);
        }
      }
    }

    // Set the naming property if there is one.
    if (namingPropertyDefinition != null) {
      PD value = namingPropertyDefinition.decodeValue(name);
      childProperties.setPropertyValues(namingPropertyDefinition, Collections
          .singleton(value));
    }

    return newInstance(d, p, childProperties, false, namingPropertyDefinition);
  }



  /** Create an empty property. */
  private <PD> void createProperty(PropertySet properties,
      ManagedObjectPath<?, ?> p, PropertyDefinition<PD> pd)
      throws PropertyException {
    try {
      Driver context = getDriver();
      Collection<PD> defaultValues = context.findDefaultValues(p, pd, true);
      properties.addProperty(pd, defaultValues, Collections.<PD> emptySet());
    } catch (PropertyException e) {
      // Make sure that we have still created the property.
      properties.addProperty(pd, Collections.<PD> emptySet(), Collections
          .<PD> emptySet());
      throw e;
    }
  }



  /** Makes sure that this managed object exists. */
  private void ensureThisManagedObjectExists()
      throws ConcurrentModificationException, CommunicationException,
      AuthorizationException {
    if (!path.isEmpty()) {
      Driver ctx = getDriver();

      try {
        if (!ctx.managedObjectExists(path)) {
          throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
      } catch (ManagedObjectNotFoundException e) {
        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
      }
    }
  }



  /** Validate that a relation definition belongs to this managed object. */
  private void validateRelationDefinition(RelationDefinition<?, ?> rd)
      throws IllegalArgumentException {
    ManagedObjectDefinition<T, ?> d = getManagedObjectDefinition();
    RelationDefinition<?, ?> tmp = d.getRelationDefinition(rd.getName());
    if (tmp != rd) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("The relation " + rd.getName()
          + " is not associated with a " + d.getName());
    }
  }

}